But just getting Shinji back on his feet doesn't solve the problems that were thrown in 2.0 and 3.0. If we now put this recovered Shinji into 2.0 to face Zeruel again, the dilemma still exists, Rei is still trapped in Angel's body and the whole world is going to blow up, Shinji doesn't have a magic wand in his hands that can miraculously save everyone. And this problem can't be solved by talking to Gendo.
So exactly when, how, and what did Shinji learn for him to be considered growth?
I explained in detail (in this thread if I'm not mistaken) what exactly Shinji learned at the Village and how itself as an environment and the people around it, both of which explicitly contrast those in 3.0, greatly facilitated Shinji's growth.
Another thing that separates 3.0+1.0 Shinji from 2.0 Shinji is exactly the fact that this is a latter version of him. There is crucial wisdom he gained from his experience in the previous 2 movies and the tragedies he went through. Mainly, how reacting to tragedy via rage and rejecting this new reality, like he did after Asuka's and Rei's near - deaths in 2.0 respectively, only lead to even more pain for everyone. After Kaworu's death in 3.0, he also learned how completely giving up from life and closing yourself up isn't a healthy way to tackle your life's problems and move on.
All of the above culminate into Shinji's response to Rei Q's death in 3.0+1.0. This is why he reacts the way he did, differently than before, to this death at this point in time.
If Shinji had this wisdom back in 2.0 though, it's unclear what he would had done. He certainly would had tried to save everyone, and quite possibly he would had started N3I because he theoretically doesn't even know that his Eva is capable of doing that. However, he would had never given up on both his own world and his own self, just so he can hug his girl Rei, a clone programmed to like him, while not saying a single word to her, and feel safe around her.
For example, it's ironic that Shinji is taunted by Asuka as immature because when his companion was in danger he neither killed her nor saved her which however is exactly what Shinji was trying to do in the Zeruel incident which is still called foolishness by Asuka. It's not that Shinji didn't act, he did but failed.
Of course it's ironic XD . After all the entire point of Asuka in the last 2 movies is that, despite how much she denies it, she's as much in arrested mental development as she is arrested physical development due to the Curse.
That is to say by this logic unless Shinji directly kills Asuka in the Bardiel event or kills Rei in the Zeruel event, the rest of the options are immature and stupid. The question is how did Shinji learn this conclusion? I don't see how the arc in the village has anything to do with this conclusion, Shinji, who witnessed Rei's tragic death, was heartbroken and decided to pull himself together to help those he cared about. And this act obviously contradicts to the problem in 2.0.
This time he managed to save Rei and Asuka, successfully gave them a second life, but the price Shinji tried to pay was his own life which he also said in 2.0 he doesn't mind losing.
I'll explain it again more clearly, but the context here is drastically different. In 2.0 Shinji, above all, acts out of despair, and his behavior is, as I explained above, extremely like an escapist delirium. He has given up, he has no hope in anything anymore and thinks Rei is all that's left in his life. He doesn't give a dime for anything else, not himself, not even the entire world, as long as he gets to be with her for a little bit more (reminds you of a certain someone?)
This last sentence is the key here, and what mainly seals the deal here. This is not a heroic rescue. This is an escapist delirium from a traumatized kid that has rejected the world and reality. This is not healthy. This is a stark contrast from 3.0+1.0 Shinji, who works on himself and manages to love the world and the people inside it so much that he decides to give his own life for them.
And of course, all this is without getting into the subtext here. Just to touch on them, there is a reason why it's Rei who's saved here and not literally anyone else. The symbol of all waifus, a pop culture icon, the idealized young, obedient Japanese girl, that is the personification of the Oedipus complex as she is both Shinji's mother and love interest at the same time, with everything that implies about her being an easy, safe escape for him.
Subtextually, Shinji gave up everything just so he can be with his "waifu", and in the next movie was rewarded with a destroyed world and a lifeless doll... So... Basically what he wished for?
By the way, comparing with that EoE attempts to bring up questions about how can Shinji cheer up by himself if there is no selfless people who are willing to give him unconditional love. This is also in line with NGE's point of view "You have to find happiness by yourself, others can't help you". But on the contrary the answer given by NTE was "Shinji passively obtained a completely healthy environment, and there were people who selflessly cared for him to restore him."
This is unfortunately a very common misunderstanding. No, others can help you find happiness, arguably true happiness can only be achieved with other people. NTE makes a single point here, that your environment, both social and not, plays an important role in your growth and mental health. It doesn't exclusively determine it, after all Shinji makes great personal strides in this movie, but it certainly influences it. Now tell me, is there anything in this idea that is disagreeable? I think the grand majority of people would consider this as a truth of life.
This is why in my opinion NTE might even be more realistic, or let's say, empathetic (?), since it also gives the appropriate weight to external factors such as this one.
To sum it up, I think 3.0+1.0 shows that Shinji's recovery is just a rehash and retelling of previous story. 3.0+1.0's answer to 3.0 and 2.0 is like "just get back on your feet, get answer and take the initiative to help others", but in fact the whole story is asking the question about "HOW to get back on your feet? how to get the answer and help others correctly?", like it skips over the more important issues, and in the end gives an idealized and vague answer. Though it somewhat can fit EoE's problem I guess, because Shinji's depression can no doubt be solved with unconditional love, but it just miss the point.
I believe the movie more than answers these questions:
1. Try to understand everyone before you pass judgement.
2. Grieve after any loss like a human being, but don't forget to stand back on your feet again and see what you can do better in the future.
3. Go out to nature, try new things. Follow your own wants, not just orders.
4. Surround yourself with an encouraging environment and people who care about you.
... To name the most important few...